Participação de instituições locais em projetos de revitalização urbana: O caso do projeto porto maravilha na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

By following the context of urban sustainable development, many metropolis are implementing urban revitalization projects in brownfields areas. Waterfronts are examples of brownfields areas which are passing through revitalization processes. The involvement of different local actors (Public Sector, Private Sector and Civil Society) in decision-making process and also during the works must be seen as key points to guarantee a transparent and particular process in each revitalization project implemented. In order to support this approach, this work uses as theory reference the social management and its criteria of discussion process, pluralism and common-good, for the implementation of public policies, where the multiplicity of actors must participate with equal rights on deliberative decision making processes looking for achieving social welfare. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, in 2009, it was instituted by law the Urban Operation of Special Interest Area of Rio de Janeiro Port which allows the implementation of the Porto Maravilha project. By being part of an Urban Operation, the project must count with participation of owners, residents, users and investors to revitalize an area of approximately five million square meters. Thus, considering the importance of different actors to legitimate the decision process and considering the obligation of involving different actors on Porto Maravilha project, the main objective of this work is to identify how local institutions participate on Porto Maravilha project. To achieve this objective, a field research was conducted by attending participative instances meetings in Port area, sending questionnaires to local institutions and interviewing local institutions representatives and some others actors who are involved with the project. For data processing it has been used the content analysis with combined grid, which selected grids were the ones related to discussion process, pluralism and common-good criteria of social management and a statistics data processing in order to elaborate a matrix that combines participation and project agreement levels. The final data processing was the methodological data triangulation and the confrontation with theoretical basis. Results have shown that the revitalization of waterfront area in Rio de Janeiro has awakened interest on restructuration of existing participative instances and on establishing new ones. Whether they are for or against the project, there is a mobilization by local institutions to become involved in the project, although this can not be characterized as a deliberative process of construction set from a consensus, once the general guidelines of Porto Maravilha project have been established by law. The majority of local institutions agrees and participates in the monitoring and implementation of the project by sharing with the State's responsibility to create educational spaces and invest in social programs that can ensure the improvement of living conditions of local people.